The First Terrestrial Electron Beam Observed by The Atmosphere-Space
Interactions Monitor
Abstract
We report the first Terrestrial Electron Beam (TEB) detected by the
Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM). It happened on September
16th, 2018. The ASIM Modular X and Gamma-ray Sensor (MXGS) recorded a
two millisecond long event, with a softer spectrum than typically
recorded for Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGF). The lightning
discharge associated to this event was found in the World-Wide Lightning
Location Network (WWLLN) data, close to the northern footpoint of the
magnetic field line passing by the International Space Station (ISS).
Imaging from a GOES-R geostationary satellite shows that the source TGF
was produced close to an overshooting top of a thunderstorm. Monte-Carlo
simulations were performed to reproduce the observed lightcurve and
energy spectrum. The event can be explained by the secondary electrons
and positrons produced by the TGF (i.e. the TEB), even if about
5\% to 10\% of the detected counts may
be due to direct TGF photons.
A source TGF with a Gaussian angular distribution with standard
deviation between 21$^o$ and 29$^o$ was found to reproduce the
measurement. Assuming an isotropic beaming within a cone, compatible
half angles are between 29$^o$ and 43$^o$, in agreement with
previous studies.
The number of required photons for the source TGF could be estimated for
various assumption of the source (altitude of production, angular
distribution), and is estimated between $10^{17}$ and
$10^{18}$ photons, i.e. compatible with the current consensus.